Effects of acute aerobic exercise on leukocyte inflammatory gene expression in systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a persistent systemic inflammation. Exercise-induced inflammatory response in SLE remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of acute exercise on leukocyte gene expression in active (SLEACTIVE) and inactive SLE (SLEINACTIVE) patients and healthy controls (HC). Methods: All subjects (n = 4 per group) performed a 30-min single bout of acute aerobic exercise (similar to 70% of VO2 peak) on a treadmill, and blood samples were collected for RNA extraction from circulating leukocyte at baseline, at the end of exercise, and after three hours of recovery. The expression of a panel of immune-related genes was evaluated by a quantitative PCR array assay. Moreover, network-based analyses were performed to interpret transcriptional changes occurring after the exercise challenge. Results: In all groups, a single bout of acute exercise led to the down-regulation of the gene expression of innate and adaptive immunity at the end of exercise (e.g., TLR3, IFNG, GATA3, FOXP3, STAT4) with a subsequent up-regulation occurring upon recovery. Exercise regulated the expression of inflammatory genes in the blood leukocytes of the SLE patients and HC, although the SLE groups exhibited fewer modulated genes and less densely connected networks (number of nodes: 29, 40 and 58; number of edges: 29, 60 and 195; network density: 0.07, 0.08 and 0.12, for SLEACTIVE, SLEINACTIVE and HC, respectively). Conclusion: The leukocytes from the SLE patients, irrespective of disease activity, showed a down-regulated inflammatory gene expression immediately after acute aerobic exercise, followed by an up-regulation at recovery. Furthermore, less organized gene networks were observed in the SLE patients, suggesting that they may be deficient in triggering a normal exercise-induced immune transcriptional response.